Taste is an important parameter in case of drugs administering orally. Masking the taste of water soluble bitter drugs, especially those given in high doses, is difficult to achieve by using sweeteners alone. Flavor covering is a prerequisite for bitter tablets to better the patient compliance, particularly in the paediatrics and geriatric population. Jun 17, 2014 bitter taste perception is supposed to have evolved as a mechanism that averts possible toxins ingestion. The success of your orally administered tablet may depend on how easy and pleasant it is for patients to take. Taste masking, bitter drugs, methods introduction t here are numerous pharmaceuticals that contain actives, which are bitter in taste. Taste is an important and critical parameter in administering formulations which come in contact with the taste buds. The mechanisms of the taste masking methods may be summarized as following. Masking the bitter taste of injectable lidocaine hcl. At spi pharma, we understand the complex relationship between the taste of active pharmaceutical ingredients apis and their chemical properties. Due to the bitter taste of the drug there is a constant problem in the treatment of the patients due to their inability or unwillingness to swallow such formulation specially, in children and elderly. These foods and beverages possess inherent offtastes due to fortification. Due to the bitter taste of the drug there is a constant problem in the. Hydrophobic polymers have been popularly used for coating of bitter drugs than hydrophilic polymers to achieve taste masking.
But many compounds such as flavanoids and isoflavones which have a bitter taste are known to elicit beneficial response 1. So major taste masking efforts are required before bitter drugs are acceptable. Many drugs and desirable phytochemicals are bitter, and bitter tastes are aversive. In inclusion complex formation, the drug molecule fits into the cavity of a complexing agent i. International journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences. Sweeteners are classified into natural and synthetic. As a consequence, several approaches have been investigated and have resulted in the development of more efficient techniques. These commonly used in combination with other taste masking technologies. Free bases such as alkaloids and amides gives bitter taste.
What flavor is most effective in masking a bitter taste. A new product kleptose linecaps maltodextrin has also been developed as a tastemasking technology for many dosage forms. Different methods have been suggested for masking of taste of bitter drugs, which includes, coating of drug particles with inert agents, taste masking by formation of inclusion complexes. The first is to mask the distasteful sensation by the addition of flavors, sweeteners and effervescent agents. The mechanisms of tastemasking techniques often rely on two major approaches the first is to add excipients like sweeteners, flavors, and effervescent agents to mask the unpleasant taste, and the second is to avoid the contact of bitter and unpleasant drugs with taste buds. Taste is the maximum valuable factor within the case of orally drugs administering. The mechanisms of tastemasking techniques often rely on two major approaches. Taste masking methods in pharmaceutical formulations. Sweeteners can also be incorporated in the coating solution of better taste masking 1,12 table 2. Often a formulators first reaction to taste masking is to add a flavor to the formulation to mask the bitterness. Gondkar and ravindranath bhanudas saudagar, year2015. Prodrugs for masking the bitter taste of drugs intechopen. Techniques of taste masking 9,10,11 a taste masking by flavors and sweeteners sweeteners are commonly used in taste masking of drugs. Taste masking techniques for bitter drugs an overview article pdf available in international journal of pharmacy and technology 42.
Taste masking of bitter drugs by priyanka birari authorstream. The bitter taste of drugs, food components, and any other substances which get in the mouth as dissolved in an aqueous solution, or in the saliva, can be strongly reduced or fully eliminated, if the bitter component forms an inclusion complex with an appropriate cyclodextrin cd. In addition to oral drug delivery, taste masked drug delivery research is gaining. The quest for more effective approaches to taste and odor masking has attracted significant industry interest due to the compelling effect these issues have on patient compliance. Microencapsulation of potent bitter azithromycin is insufficient to provide taste masking. The free drug is now bioavailable, which can be easily absorbed from the git. The mechanisms of taste masking techniques often rely on two major approaches the first is to add excipients like sweeteners, flavors, and effervescent agents to mask the unpleasant taste, and the second is to avoid the contact of bitter and unpleasant drugs with taste buds.
Taste masking of clarithromycin using complexation with ion. The complexing agent is capable of masking the bitter taste. Many drugs have a bitter taste, too, and when they are crushed into food, there is a risk of developing food aversion. Masking the bitter taste of drugs is a challenge in development of all oral formulations and a necessity to ensure better patient compliance and product value where the process and formulation should be economic, rapid, and easy, involving least number of equipment, and processing steps and minimum number of excipients without adverse effect on drug bioavailability.
Jul 01, 2001 their work could lead to improved artificial sweeteners that taste more like sugar and have no or reduced bitter aftertaste. When drug products and not properly taste masked, dosing compliance and health outcomes suffer. Microencapsulation of potent bitter azithromycin is insufficient to provide taste masking of liquid oral suspensions. To overcome this problem so many techniques are available to mask the bitter taste of drugs. Oral administration of bitter or unpleasant tasting drugs is often the biggest barrier. Conventional taste masking techniques alone are often inadequate in masking the taste of highly bitter drugs such as quinine, celecoxib. Capsugel uses an array of specialized taste masking technologies and formulation approaches to address the bitter taste of many apis in oral dosage forms. Tastemasking pharmaceutical tastemasking technologies. Combating bitter taste in food, pharmaceuticals, and beverages remains a huge challenge. Masking the bitter taste of drugs is a potential tool for the. So masking of bitterness becomes essential and done by masking the bitter taste of drugs by either decreasing its oral solubility on ingestion or decreasing the amount of drug particles exposed to. Taste masking of clarithromycin using complexation with. Pdf taste is mainly a function of taste buds in the mouth. With respect to otc preparations, such as cough and cold syrups, the bitterness of the preparation leads to lack of patient compliance.
Aug 29, 2018 for the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Since then, the knowledge of taste, especially bitter taste detection, and transduction on a cellular level, has heavily evolved, and as a result, several new approaches for detecting and devel. In an optimal situation, the consumer cannot feel through the bad taste of the api in the final formulation matrix, meaning the active and placebo formulations taste identical and have the same position on the pca map. International journal of pharma professionals research. Food and beverage industries beverages technology application cosmetics industry case studies product development essences and essential oils industry functional foods natural flavorings. Accordingly, masking of unpleasent taste characterstics of drug. Bitter compounds, taste masking, sweeteners, taste suppressant, coating techniques. Tastemasking the key to making patients betterwithout the bitter. Abstractthe majority of active pharmaceutical ingredients apis found in oral dosage forms have a bitter taste. Complexation with ion exchange resin is a simple, efficient and proven technique for taste masking of a number of bitter tasting drugs 1115. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. Elimination of bitter, disgusting tastes of drugs and. Ijppr is committed to upgrade the depth of subjects across various disciplines of pharmaceutical education with the ultimate aim of expending and spreading. The bitterness of individual six drugs and aml combined with.
Billion photos taste masking is a method used to improve not only the taste of bitter apis in formulated drug products, but also mouth feel smooth vs. A composition for delivery of a medicament that has a bitter taste andor causes throat catch is provided. Nergata, bitterness free drug composition containing amino acids. Pdf taste masking techniques for bitter drugsan overview. Tastemasking techniques often go hand in hand with the formulation technology.
The composition contains carbomer 934, carbomer 971, carbomer 974, peg5m or a mixture thereof in an amount sufficient to mask the bitter taste of the medicament andor throat catch. A pathfinder for bitter drugs international journal of. Taste masking of liquid formulation present a major challenge because the majority of pediatric preparations are syrups and suspensions. Several oral pharmaceuticals and bulking agents have disagreeable and bitter tasting components. Undesirable taste is an important problem for patient compliance. The ion echange resin is eliminated or biodegraded from or at the site of delivery. These can be mixed with bitter drugs so as to improve the taste of the core material. In nature, many poisons are alkaloids stimulating bitter taste receptors, and bitterness mediates an aversive response to toxic food 6. Masking the unpleasant taste of bitter, apis is a major challenge in the development of such oral dosage forms. Taste assessment is an important qualitycontrol parameter for evaluating tastemasked formulations of any new molecular entity. Researchers have identified a gene present in mice and humans as the blueprint for a receptor in taste buds. Factors affecting selection of taste masking technology conventional taste masking techniques alone are often inadequate in masking the taste of highly bitter drugs such as quinine, celecoxib.
Common methods include changing the api to a different form e. Kojima h1, nakamura s1, haraguchi t1, yoshida m1, habara m2, ikezaki h2, uchida t1. A new strategy for taste masking on bitter drug by other combined drug in fixeddose combination. Coating is more efficient technology for aggressively bitter drugs even though coating imperfections, if present, reduce the efficiency of the technique in ion exchange resin ier method weak cation exchange or weak anion exchange resins are used for taste masking, depending on the nature of drug. Bitter or obnoxious taste of drugs leads to lack of patients compliance and therefore, bitterness masking becomes essential. Taste masking of bitter drug powder without loss of. Pdf undesirable taste is one of several important formulation problems that are. Submitted to the graduate faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the. Mask ing of bitter taste of drugs is an important parameter for the improve ment of. Taste masking becomes a prerequisite for bitter drugs to improve the patient compliance especially in the pediatric and geriatric population.
In the past, bitterness reduction was focused on pharmaceuticals and drugs. As a consequence, several approaches have been investigated and have resulted in the development of more efficient techniques for masking a compounds bitter taste. Taste is mainly a function of taste buds in the mouth. Taste masking techniques in the pharmaceutical industry. A pathfinder for bitter drugs, authorjayesh kailas kakad and prasad more and sheetal b. Introduction in earlier days it was believed that the drugs having bitter taste are more efficient as. The problem of bitter taste of drug in pediatric formulations is a challenge to the formulators in the present scenario. Senopsys scientists are expert in both taste assessment and taste masking. The same approach was utilized for masking the bitter taste of antibacterial drugs such as cefuroxime 28 figure 4, atenolol 29 figure 4, paracetamol 30 figure 4, amoxicillin 15 figure 2 and cephalexin 31 figure 4. Us20070122475a1 us11657,429 us65742907a us2007122475a1 us 20070122475 a1 us20070122475 a1 us 20070122475a1 us 65742907 a us65742907 a us 65742907a us 2007122475 a1 us2007122475 a1 us 2007122475a1 authority us united states prior art keywords composition taste carbomer ibuprofen masking agent prior art date 20010801 legal status the legal status is an. These techniques are not only serves as to mask the taste of drug as well as to enhance the bioavailability of drug dosage form. The poreformer rapidly dissolves in the stomach for fast drug release, enhancing the probability of achieving bioequivalence to an.
Bitter compounds, taste masking, sweeteners, taste suppressant, coating techniques, polymers. This would lessen the need for masking agents and shorten the time required to flavor products. Many active pharmaceutical ingredients apis are bitter, some extremely so. Masking bitter taste by molecules pdf free download. Taste masking microspheres for orally disintegrating tablets. This approach to taste making is not usually successful because of differences in the physiology of taste and smell. Results from coating ibuprofen using the formulcoat process are presented. A new strategy for taste masking on bitter drug by other combined drug in fixed. A new strategy for taste masking on bitter drug by other.
Review article role of taste and taste masking of bitter drugs in pharmaceutical industries an overview vijay sharma1, himanshu chopra2 faculty of pharmacy, p. Taste masking approaches for medicines bentham science. The shorter the distance is between a pair of inactive and active formulations, the less of a bitter taste. Bitter taste masking solutions for nutraceutical applications. The liquid composition utilizes a reverse enteric coating, which is soluble in acid ph of the stomach generally. Bitter tasting drugs can first be encapsulated to produce free flowing microcapsules, which can then be blended with other excipients and compressed into tablets. Development and evaluation of taste masked granular. Many drug activities are intensely bitter or have other aversive sensory attributes that can be challenging to overcome. Developments in tastemasking techniques for traditional. Taste masking system based on decades of experience in the highly competitive food industry, where taste is the key market success factor. Coating imperfections, reduce the efficiency of the technique. Elimination of bitter, disgusting tastes of drugs and foods. Microencapsulation is a process in which the active moiety solid or.
Bitter taste, taste buds, taste masking techniques. The role of the promoiety in the antibacterial cefuroxime prodrugs is to block the free amine or the hydroxyl. Formulcoat, and its application in tastemasking in particular orodispersible tablet formulation. Jul 20, 2016 many active pharmaceutical ingredients apis are bitter, some extremely so. Many drugs have bitter taste, thus this is one of the important formulation problem encountered. Bitter tasting drugs can first be encapsulated to produce free.
Thus, masking of unpleasant taste characteristics of drug is an important factor in formulation of these agents. Pharmaceutical excipients for taste masking market. Approaches such as phylogeneticlike tree construction, quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance, and ligand identification have been used to recognize the bitter. For more insights from drew mound and amie gehris on this topic, attend the poster presentation entitled, taste masking bitter drugs with ion exchange resins in carrageenanbased gummies at aaps pharmsci 360 or visit. Jul 09, 2008 however, taste masking for some pharmaceutical actives with bitter or unpleasant taste can be challenging for this dosage form to achieve patient acceptability. There are various known taste masking technologies which are used in. Taste masking for palatable drug products senopsys. The mechanisms of taste masking techniques often rely on two major approaches. Thieme, stuttgart, germany, p 289 stephan a, steinhart h 2000 bitter taste of unsaturated free fatty acids in emulsions. Masking the bitter taste of injectable lidocaine hcl formulation for dental procedures.
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